Operating Characteristics of Diaphragm Compressors in Hydrogen Refueling Stations Based on Actual Operational Data

With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen refueling stations have become a critical component of hydrogen infrastructure, and the operational performance of their core compression equipment directly affects the safety and reliability of the entire station. Due to its excellent sealing performance, the diaphragm compressor has become the preferred compression equipment for hydrogen refueling stations. In this study, a diaphragm compressor installed in a high-load commercial hydrogen refueling station was selected as the research subject. Long-term operational data of key thermodynamic parameters, including pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate, were collected to investigate the variations in the compressor’s macroscopic performance under various typical operating conditions and to identify the associated influencing factors. The results reveal the intrinsic relationships among parameter fluctuations, load variations, and equipment operating states during compressor operation. This study provides data support for the design methodology, operational strategies, and health management of diaphragm compressors in hydrogen refueling stations. It also offers new insights and references for improving the reliability of critical equipment in hydrogen refueling stations.