A feasibility randomised controlled trial of culturally appropriate physical activity promotion strategies among older Chinese adults in the UK

Abstract Background Informed by an evidence review and qualitative interviews and guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and person-based approach (PBA), we developed the first culturally appropriate physical activity (PA) promotion strategies for older Chinese adults in the UK. Aim This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the culturally appropriate PA promotion intervention and study procedures among older Chinese adults in the UK. Methods/design This was a two-arm randomised controlled feasibility trial. Thirty adults aged 60 and over, who self-identified as Chinese, lived in the UK, and did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) PA recommendations, were recruited and randomised to receive either the culturally appropriate PA promotion strategies or the standard WHO PA guideline leaflet. The trial lasted from September 2024 to September 2025. The intervention was delivered over 12 weeks, with an additional 6-week follow-up period. Primary outcomes were feasibility metrics (recruitment, retention, adherence, data completeness, fidelity, safety, and acceptability). Secondary outcomes included subjective and objective PA levels, the brief COM-B questionnaire, measures of physical function, and quality of life. Data were collected at baseline, 12 weeks, and 18 weeks post-randomisation. Statistical and qualitative analyses were conducted to evaluate primary and secondary outcomes and compare findings against the predefined progression criteria. Results Thirty participants were recruited within the planned timeframe. All participants completed the trial, resulting in a retention rate of 100%. The data completion rate was 95.4%. The intervention was delivered as planned, and no adverse events were reported. Recruitment, retention, data completeness, fidelity, and safety met the predefined “Go” criteria. Adherence to the group exercise sessions was moderate at 53.3%. Qualitative interviews indicated that most intervention components were acceptable, except for the exercise logbook, which some participants found burdensome to complete. Both adherence and acceptability fell within the “Amend” criteria. The measurement tools were generally feasible. Attitudes towards pedometer use varied. Both quantitative and qualitative data suggest that the strategies have the potential to positively influence PA behaviour. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering culturally appropriate PA strategies for older Chinese adults in the UK, with most progression criteria met. Although adherence and acceptability varied, qualitative findings identified modifiable barriers. Overall, the strategies show promise for increasing PA and support progression to a full trial with targeted refinements. Trial registration Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XQHJS ), 19 November 2024; retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07365020), 23 January 2026.