Comprehensive Imaging Review of the Ureter

infection, which have varying imaging manifestations. Inflammatory conditions include ureteritis cystica and pseudodiverticulosis. Ureteral masses are rarely benign and are most commonly urothelial carcinomas. Processes in the abdomen and pelvis, including mass effect from pregnancy, ureteral compression from advanced pelvic floor prolapse, and rarely, ureteral obstruction from vaginal devices, also can affect the ureter. The ureter can be injured during pelvic surgery or trauma. It also may be involved by deep pelvic endometriosis, mass effect from extrinsic lesions, or reactive change from inflammatory processes. Radiologists need to have a clear understanding of the patient's history and the range of possible ureteral conditions to establish the optimal differential diagnosis.