How digital learning shapes managerial skills in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

Purpose Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are a critical pillar of the European economy, contributing to employment, regional and global development. However, many SMEs face heightened failure risks linked to limited financial resources, labour market pressures and significant knowledge loss. Developing strong managerial competencies has emerged as a key strategy for improving organisational performance and long-term sustainability. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift from traditional training to online learning, yet research remains limited, this paper examines how digital learning environments can support the development of managerial capabilities within SMEs. Design/methodology/approach To understand how online learning can enhance knowledge acquisition, retention and sharing within management teams in European technology SMEs, Ireland was chosen as a case study in the tech sector to identify start-ups launching trends through FAME database analysis, followed by a critical literature review to design a theoretical framework that adopts pedagogical approaches to business education. Findings The findings contribute to theory by developing a conceptual framework which helps start-up executives reassess their role in working with knowledge as a critical managerial capability through online learning mechanisms. This pathway leverages critical enablers, overcomes barriers and boosts managerial skills development. This framework supports knowledge acquisition, retention practices and knowledge sharing across teams to support business performance and competitive advantage. Originality/value The effectiveness of online learning depends on organisational culture, digital readiness and alignment between learning goals and managerial tasks. The conceptual framework developed in this study highlights the pathways by which SMEs can leverage online learning to build robust knowledge management capabilities. In addition, the framework offers practical managerial recommendations for its use.