THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY IN DEMOCRATIC MODERNIZATION: PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PROPORTIONALITY OF LEGAL GUARANTEES, REAL OPPORTUNITIES, AND SOCIAL INTERESTS

The article examines the significance of substantive equality for democratic modernization from philosophical and normative perspectives. The study aims to identify the normative relations among the key categories of the problem and to define the limits of their institutional coordination. The methodology combines dialectical, conceptual, comparative, axiological, and reflective methods of analysis. The study develops a multidimensional conceptual framework that systematizes the relevant criteria and the limits within which the key contradictions can be resolved.