Four Black Cells Force an Outgoing Highway: A Sharp Half-Plane Threshold for Langton's Ant

Starting at the boundary and facing inward, every colouring with at most three black cells in a half-plane forces first exit by the sharp bound 918, regardless of the exterior colouring. An explicit four-cell seed remains in that half-plane forever and follows the standard period-104 highway from update 182. Every finite-support initial state admits an extension by four remote black cells preserving any prescribed finite observed trajectory and forcing a standard highway. Exact finite certificates and analytic coverage and coupling proofs accompany the construction.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23402413
Primary Topic
Cellular Automata and Applications
Type
preprint
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preprint

Four Black Cells Force an Outgoing Highway: A Sharp Half-Plane Threshold for Langton's Ant

Ke Hao
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cellular Automata and Applications
preprint

Four Black Cells Force an Outgoing Highway: A Sharp Half-Plane Threshold for Langton's Ant

Ke Hao
preprint en

Abstract

Starting at the boundary and facing inward, every colouring with at most three black cells in a half-plane forces first exit by the sharp bound 918, regardless of the exterior colouring. An explicit four-cell seed remains in that half-plane forever and follows the standard period-104 highway from update 182. Every finite-support initial state admits an extension by four remote black cells preserving any prescribed finite observed trajectory and forcing a standard highway. Exact finite certificates and analytic coverage and coupling proofs accompany the construction.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cellular Automata and Applications
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