Morphometric Study of the Mitral and Tricuspid Annuli in Fresh Cadaveric Human Hearts From Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Accurate knowledge of mitral and tricuspid annular morphometry is fundamental to the planning of valve repair, annuloplasty, and transcatheter interventions.Population-and ethnicity-specific reference data remain limited for fresh human hearts in Uttar Pradesh.Objective: This study aims to determine the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the mitral and tricuspid valve annuli in fresh human cadaveric hearts of the North Indian population and to compare these findings with existing anatomical and echocardiographic literature.Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 100 fresh human cadaveric hearts.The right atrium and left atrium were opened along standard anatomical planes to expose the tricuspid and mitral annuli, respectively.The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of both annuli were measured using a digital vernier caliper.Results: The mean anteroposterior and transverse annular diameters of the mitral valve were 2.7 ± 0.4 cm and 2.9 ± 0.3 cm, respectively.The mean anteroposterior and transverse annular diameters of the tricuspid valve were 3.1 ± 0.3 cm and 3.3 ± 0.4 cm, respectively.the mean area of the mitral valve orifice was 6.19 ± 1.34 cm², while that of the tricuspid valve orifice was 8.07 ± 1.70 cm².Conclusion: This study provides descriptive anatomical reference data for mitral and tricuspid annular dimensions in fresh human cadaveric hearts from the Uttar Pradesh population.