Synthesis of selenium particles using Durio zibethinus seed extract

The average particle sizes of selenium particles (SeP) synthesized using Durio zibethinus seed extract (DZSE) and Durio zibethinus husk extract (DZHE) were 40.1 ± 11.4 nm and 47.7 ± 13.6 nm, respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy of SeP was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Salmonella enterica (SE), and Escherichia coli (Ec). SeP/DZE achieved 50% growth inhibition (MIC50) against SA, PA, SE, and Ec with a dilution percentage of 25%, indicating the ability to demonstrate antimicrobial activity. The green synthesis of SeP by using Durio zibethinus offered an eco-friendly approach, leveraging the reducing and stabilizing agents naturally present in plant extracts. The research demonstrated the potential of agricultural waste, such as Durio zibethinus husks and seeds, in nanotechnology for developing effective antimicrobial agents.