Preparation and Characterization of Porous PVDF-TrFE Films for Low-Frequency High-Efficiency Piezoelectric Energy Devices

This work presents a comprehensive investigation into high-efficiency piezoelectric energy harvesting from low-frequency ambient vibrations using porous PVDF-TrFE films. The study demonstrates that porosity significantly enhances the mechanical flexibility and piezoelectric response of the polymer films, enabling effective energy conversion at frequencies below 100 Hz. Through controlled fabrication using humidity-assisted evaporation and electrical polarization, the films exhibited dominant β-phase crystallinity with uniform porous structures. Experimental results confirmed enhanced power density when integrated with optimized cantilever designs and tip masses. The findings establish porous PVDF-TrFE as a promising material for sustainable powering of IoT devices and biomedical implants, offering a viable alternative to conventional battery-dependent systems while addressing environmental sustainability concerns.