Dual-Timescale Robust Rolling Optimal Scheduling of Microgrid Considering Regulation Priority

To address the power balance and economic operation issues of microgrids with high-penetration renewable energy, this paper explores the synergistic regulation potential of combined heat and power, carbon capture, and power-to-gas, and proposes a multi-timescale robust scheduling method incorporating regulation priorities. First, a grid-connected microgrid model coupling combined heat and power, power-to-gas, and carbon capture is constructed, and a “day-ahead and intra-day” dual-timescale rolling optimization framework is designed. The day-ahead stage coordinates equipment output base values at hourly intervals to minimize total costs, while the intra-day stage employs an affinely adjustable robust model predictive control for rolling corrections at 5 min intervals. Second, a marginal-cost-based power priority coordination strategy is proposed, which defines an explicit regulation sequence for power-to-gas, micro gas turbines, grid electricity purchases, and combined heat and power. Additionally, an adaptive state of charge penalty mechanism for the energy storage system is designed. Finally, the case study results demonstrate that the proposed priority strategy allocates power imbalances in ascending cost order, ensuring both economic viability and low carbon emissions. Meanwhile, the storage state of charge penalty mechanism effectively enhances battery safety and lifespan, achieving multi-objective collaborative optimization.