Evaluation of Serum Acetylcholinesterase Levels and Sex Hormones (Estradiol and Progesterone) Among Postmenopausal Women and Assessment of Their Association with Clinical Characteristics

Abstract Background: Postmenopausal women experience a range of physiological and psychological changes associated with the cessation of ovarian and follicular activity, leading to decreased estrogen levels. This transition, typically occurring in the early 50s, is associated with various health challenges, including vasomotor symptoms, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular risks. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach involving lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and regular health screening to improve quality of life and manage symptoms effectively. Methods: The study was conducted on 90 women aged 45–60 years who had experienced natural menopause, after obtaining written consent. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and blood samples to measure estrogen and progesterone levels and acetylcholinesterase activity. Women with chronic illnesses or those regularly using hormone replacement therapy or antidepressants were excluded. Results: The most common symptoms among postmenopausal women were mood swings (65.6%), followed by anxiety (63.3%) and sleep disturbances (58.9%). Hot flashes were also reported at varying degrees, with mild hot flashes being the most common (45.6%). A significant positive correlation was found between acetylcholinesterase activity and estrogen levels, while no significant correlation was found with progesterone. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between estrogen and progesterone, a significant negative correlation between age and estrogen levels, and significant associations between several clinical and psychological symptoms, including anxiety, mood swings, sleep disturbances, and memory impairment. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential importance of hormonal changes, particularly estrogen decline, in menopausal symptoms. The findings also indicate that AChE may be a biochemical marker associated with some of these changes. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these relationships and to determine their clinical significance. Keywords: postmenopausal women; acetylcholinesterase; estradiol; progesterone; menopausal symptoms