Real-World Effects of Single-Inhaler Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in Chinese Patients with Asthma

Background/Objectives: Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory airway disease. In China, achieving rapid asthma control remains a major challenge, and a substantial proportion of patients remain inadequately controlled despite regular use of standard inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA) therapy. Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) has demonstrated clinical efficacy in trials, but its real-world effectiveness and safety in China remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated FF/UMEC/VI (100/62.5/25 μg) in Chinese patients with uncontrolled asthma. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with asthma treated with FF/UMEC/VI at the Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, between July 2021 and March 2024. The cohort included patients with no prior inhaled medication, irregular prior inhaled therapy, or regular prior inhaled therapy with inadequate control, reflecting a real-world spectrum of patients requiring treatment intensification. Assessments were performed at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation. The primary endpoint was the change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at 1 month. Secondary outcomes included changes in FEV1, percent predicted FEV1, and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), and safety. Results: Thirty patients were analyzed. FEV1 increased significantly at 1 month and remained above baseline at 3 and 6 months. Percent predicted FEV1 and FEV1/FVC also improved significantly at all follow-up visits. Maintenance therapy was reduced in 53.3% of patients. No serious adverse events occurred; reported events were mainly local throat discomfort and increased sputum production. Conclusions: In real-world practice, FF/UMEC/VI was associated with improved lung function measures in Chinese patients, including previously untreated, irregularly treated, and regularly treated but uncontrolled patients, with an acceptable safety profile. Larger prospective studies are warranted to confirm its long-term effectiveness and identify appropriate patient populations in China.