Public transport for people with hearing impairment: A scoping review

Introduction Mobility is an important aspect of daily life, yet people with disabilities often encounter barriers when using public transport. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on accessibility in public transport for passengers with hearing impairment and identified several recurring challenges. Methods To structure the material, we grouped the findings into four areas: access to information, environmental conditions, vehicle design, and interactions with staff. Within these areas, the studies describe a range of practical measures, such as clearer high-contrast visual signage, real-time information displays, tactile guidance, visual emergency alerts, and more targeted staff training. Results Recurring challenges for people with hearing impairments include difficulties accessing important information, barriers in the surrounding environment, limitations in vehicle design, and gaps in staff training. Across studies, these barriers were linked to reduced participation and, in many cases, lower perceived quality of life. Conclusions The scoping review points to the need for transport systems that combine universal design principles with digital and assistive technologies and indicates that relatively few studies have examined the specific transport and mobility needs of passengers with hearing impairment. This suggests a need for further research, particularly in relation to how emerging transport systems and services, including automated and digitally supported travel, can be designed to support this group. Addressing the identified issues is likely to improve access, independence, and the mobility of passengers with hearing impairment, and contribute to more inclusive and useable public transport systems.