Review on Analytical Methods for the Estimation of Finerenone in Bulk Dosage Forms

Finerenone is a novel, selective, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that was recently approved to treat chronic kidney disease associated with Type 2 Diabetes. Strong, sensitive, and precise analytical techniques are needed for this medication's quantification in order to guarantee its safety, effectiveness, and quality. The most widely documented method for daily quality control is Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with or photodiode array detection. These reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography methods are frequently designed as stability-indicating tests because they effectively separate Finerenone from its breakdown products created under generated stressful conditions such acid, base, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal exposure. In order to systematically optimize parameters and guarantee method robustness, recent developments in these chromatographic techniques emphasize the incorporation of Analytical Quality by Design principles. A growing move toward environmentally friendly and sustainable analytical chemistry is also highlighted in the report. Aside from conventional UV- Visibile spectrophotometry, new environmentally friendly methods have been developed. These include a localized surface plasmon resonance technique based on the analyte-induced aggregation of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles and a "turn-off" fluorescent chemosensor using nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots.