Demographic Characteristics and Evolution of Catheterization Patterns Among Cancer Patients with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Huangshi, China: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Background: We aim to describe PICC placement characteristics, patient demographics, and temporal trends in insertion site selection among cancer patients at a tertiary hospital, and to provide real-world evidence on PICC practice patterns. Methods: Data from 1760 cancer patients who underwent PICC placement between January 2018 and December 2025 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and catheter parameters. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and Dunn’s test (with Bonferroni correction). Effect sizes (ε2, Cohen’s r), 95% confidence intervals (bootstrap method), and the Cochran–Armitage trend test for annual proportions were calculated. A multivariable general linear model (GLM) was employed to identify independent factors associated with catheter insertion length. Results: Among the 1760 patients, the right basilic vein was the most frequently used site. During 2018–2023, the basilic vein predominated; however, from 2024, the proportion of median cubital vein insertions increased substantially and became predominant by 2025. The annual proportions of both veins changed significantly over the study period (Cochran–Armitage trend test, p < 0.001 for both). Digestive and respiratory malignancies were the most common tumor types. Catheter insertion length and upper arm circumference exhibited statistically significant differences across age and diagnostic groups, albeit with small effect sizes. In the multivariable analysis, after adjusting for venipuncture site and other covariates, the magnitude of catheter length differences between the respiratory/thoracic tumor group and other major tumor groups was attenuated, indicating that the choice of anatomical site partially confounded the initial unadjusted findings. Conclusions: During 2024–2025, PICC placement shifted from the basilic vein to the median cubital vein, reflecting a notable change in real-world practice. Although the subgroup differences in catheter length and arm circumference were statistically significant, the clinical significance was limited. These descriptive findings do not directly guide nursing protocols. Future studies need to incorporate data on operator experience, ultrasound utilization, and complications to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical impact of this transition.