Spiraling multi-component vortex soliton arrays in nonlocal nonlinear media

This paper investigates the construction, stability, and spiraling dynamics of vector vortex soliton arrays in nonlocal nonlinear media, specifically lead glass. Using a two-dimensional gravitational analogy, we first establish an analytical model for a hexagonal six-soliton array, deriving the critical transverse wave vector and orbital period, which are verified by numerical simulations. Extending the study to scalar and vector two-ring hexagonal soliton arrays, a key finding is that counter-rotating arrays exhibit enhanced stability compared to co-rotating arrays. This enhanced stability arises from the nearly isotropic refractive index potential induced by counter-rotating arrays. Further investigations into cruciform configurations with up to three components reveal rich spiraling dynamics, including asynchronous rotation and dipole formation in inner and outer rings. Finally, the influence of geometric symmetry of linear vortex soliton arrays is examined, showing that higher symmetry - particularly in four-component linear arrays - improves spiraling stability and preserves vortex profiles. Such multi-component, multi-orbit configurations hold promise for high-capacity optical communications and information encoding.