Six- and 12-Month Post-Intervention Outcomes of a Nurse Practitioner-Led Interdisciplinary Obesity Clinic for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Rural Australia: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: Sustaining weight and glycaemic improvements after structured obesity care ends is challenging. This study assessed 6- and 12-month post-intervention outcomes of a nurse practitioner-led interdisciplinary obesity clinic. Methods: In this unblinded randomised controlled trial, 224 rural Australian adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity were allocated to the 24-month AMOS intervention (n = 113) or standard diabetes care (n = 111). Outcomes at 6- and 12-months post-intervention were analysed using mixed-effects linear regression, with multiple imputation for missing data. The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000240741). Results: Compared with standard care, the intervention group maintained greater reductions at 6 months post-intervention in body weight (−13.5 kg; 95% CI: −16.8 to −10.1), BMI (−4.6 kg/m2; 95% CI: −5.7 to −3.5) and HbA1c (−0.53 percentage points; 95% CI: −0.97 to −0.09). Differences remained at 12 months for body weight (−11.8 kg; 95% CI: −15.2 to −8.5), BMI (−4.1 kg/m2; 95% CI: −5.2 to −3.0) and HbA1c (−0.75 percentage points; 95% CI: −1.19 to −0.31). Physical quality of life remained higher; other metabolic outcomes were inconsistent. Conclusions: Greater reductions in weight and HbA1c persisted at 12 months after the multidisciplinary AMOS intervention ended, supporting the potential value of integrated obesity treatment within diabetes care.