Nonlinear tunneling of partially nonlocal ring-structured three-wave-composites

Partially nonlocal multi-component nonlinear Schrödinger systems (NLSS) provide a robust framework for describing nonlocal nonlinearities in mode-division multiplexing optical systems. Motivated by the scarcity of studies on tri-component configurations exhibiting diverse sneaker wave patterns, this work focuses on a variable-coefficient (3+1)-dimensional partially nonlocal tri-component NLSS incorporating a linear trapping potential. By employing a bijective mapping relation, the system is reduced to a constant-coefficient form to enable analytical tractability. Utilizing the Darboux transformation method, we construct partially nonlocal ring-structured three-wave composite solution, specifically sneaker wave and dark–dark–bright soliton composites. Furthermore, we systematically examine nonlinear tunneling property of controlled excitations — categorized as full-structured, peak-structured, and initial-structured excitations. This knowledge gap persists notwithstanding demonstrated capabilities for sustaining high-dimensional and multichannel circumstances in ultrashort pulses relevant to both fundamental physics and photonic engineering.