Comparison of Domestic and Overseas Cases and a Multi-Layer Conformity Framework for Promoting the Reuse and Remanufacturing of Distribution-Level Power Equipment in Korea

This study analyzes barriers to the reuse and remanufacturing of distribution-level power equipment in Korea and proposes a multi-layer conformity framework for procurement and grid application. Domestic conditions and cases in Japan, the United States, and Europe were compared across technical, market, and institutional dimensions. The analysis identifies gaps in item-specific conformity pathways, linkage of certification, inspection, and procurement records, and core recovery systems. A five-stage pathway was derived: core recovery and screening, process control and traceability, product verification, labeling/responsibility/warranty, and procurement or grid application. The framework comprises four evidence layers (L1-L4) and three cross-cutting elements (X1-X3). Verification is differentiated according to whether interventions fall within, adjacent to, or beyond the qualified-design boundary. A staged roadmap from closed-loop pilots to broader application is also proposed.