The incidence of osteoporosis and its registration as a cause of death in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Osteoporosis in older adults is a common condition associated with hormonal factors, a decline in quality of life, and a risk of death from its complications. Objective. To analyze morbidity indicators and assess the frequency of recording osteoporosis (ICD-10 codes M80–M81) in medical certificates of cause of death in Moscow and the Moscow, Novosibirsk, and Kemerovo regions. Materials and methods. The analysis utilized data for 2023 obtained from regional electronic databases, including: a) the number of osteoporosis cases among the adult population (Federal Statistical Observation Form № 12, «Information on the number of diseases registered in patients residing in the medical organization’s service area»); and b) registered deaths (Record Form № 106u, «Medical Certificate of Cause of Death» (MCCD)). A preliminary study showed that the three-digit ICD-10 codes M80–M81 are recorded in MCCDs only for deaths occurring at age 60 or older; therefore, the analysis was restricted to MCCDs of individuals in this age group. Results. The incidence of osteoporosis with and without pathological fractures (three-digit ICD-10 codes: M80–M81) in four constituent entities of Russia is presented. According to data from Form № 12, the incidence of osteoporosis without pathological fractures in the regions is 3 times lower than in Moscow. M80–M81 codes registered in the MCCDs in those who died from diseases at the age of 60 and older are extremely rare and in 4 regions of Russia were identified in only 185 MCCDs (ranging from a maximum of 0.16% in Moscow to a minimum of 0.016% in the Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions). The ratio of deceased women to men was 4.3:1. The mean age was 80.7±11.2 years for men and 84.3±7.9 years for women (p<0.0001). Osteoporosis codes were most frequently listed in Part II of the MCCD as contributing causes of death, with the codes M80.8 «Other osteoporosis with pathological fracture» (56.8%) and M80.0 «Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture» (18.4%) being predominantly used. When ICD-10 codes M80–M81 were indicated in Part II of the MCCDs, the underlying causes of death were predominantly identified as I67.8 (Other specified cerebrovascular diseases — 56 MCCDs) and I25.5 (ischemic cardiomyopathy). Conclusion. The analysis and comparison with data from other studies suggest low detection and underreporting of osteoporosis cases in Federal Statistical Observation Form № 12. In the Record Form № 106u «Medical Certificate of Cause of Death» codes M80—M81 are extremely rare. The obtained data indicate the need to develop standardized guidelines clarifying the criteria and placement of osteoporosis reporting in the Record Form № 106u «Medical Certificate of Cause of Death», as well as to optimize current statistical reporting and monitoring practices.