Barriers to the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities into the Lebanese workforce: a qualitative study

People with intellectual disabilities remain largely excluded from the workforce, especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Despite overwhelming evidence in favor of their integration at work, those individuals are still being denied employment, perpetuating existing inequities. This study aims to explore the barriers to the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities into the Lebanese workforce. Eleven qualitative semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in Lebanon from private and public sectors were performed. Transcripts were analyzed thematically and results were organized according to the socio-ecological model. The findings revealed five overarching themes: a low and challenging integration marked by segregated settings and lack of public sector resources; broad societal and familial stigma that hinders community acceptance; educational deficiencies marked by a lack of early integrated programs and professional transition support; problematic implementation of Lebanese legislation (Law 220) that lacks enforcement mechanisms; and an absence of employer support that is fueled by negative perceptions and environmental barriers. Based on qualitative insights from key stakeholders, addressing workforce exclusion for people with intellectual disabilities requires updating existing legislation to align with international standards and establishing active enforcement mechanisms. Institutional and policy recommendations derived from these stakeholder perspectives emphasize early educational integration, public awareness, and cross-sectoral coordination, while underscoring the need for future research directly engaging individuals with intellectual disabilities and their families.