Accessing both electrochemical SEIRA and SERS with highly sensitive metamaterials for enhanced molecular identification

Surface-enhanced IR absorption (SEIRA) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are complementary techniques that allow for highly sensitive chemical fingerprinting. Non-invasive optical sensing would be significantly improved by a robust implementation of a reusable substrate that combines these techniques. Here, we present an electrochemically-cleanable metamaterial that enables flow-compatible real-time SEIRA and SERS. This metamaterial facilitates the study of surface-adsorbed species and diffusion layers, elicits spectral shifts from changes in nanogap refractive index of 1400 nm/RIU, and delivers sensitive analyte detection. Combining SERS and SEIRA clarifies molecular (electro)chemical transformations and tracks changes in selection rules and symmetry breaking at the analyte-electrode interface. This development in enhanced multimodal spectro-electrochemistry is suited for multiple domains, including understanding charge transport mechanisms and interfacial dynamics at electrodes, and is capable of real-time flow monitoring for a wide range of molecular processes.