Neurodivergence and occupational well-being: a systematic and integrative review

Despite growing recognition of neurodiversity, many workplaces remain designed around neurotypical norms, creating challenges for the occupational well-being of neurodivergent employees. Drawing on a systematic literature review of 34 studies that examined neurodivergence in relation to well-being at work, we synthesize empirical and conceptual evidence showing that neurodivergent employees experience elevated stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression in workplaces designed around neurotypical norms and expectations. We further identify contextual factors and workplace interventions that moderate these relationships. To integrate these findings, we build on person-environment fit theory and an appraisal-coping model to explain how person-environment misfit activates cognitive and affective appraisal processes that shape task-related and interpersonal coping. Building on this framework, we move beyond individualized accommodations to propose a holistic approach to neuro-inclusive interventions that integrates five interconnected relationship- and task-focused building blocks to advance an empowerment-oriented perspective that embeds neuro-inclusion by design. Together, these contributions extend psychological theory on self-regulation and occupational well-being and provide evidence-based guidance for developing sustainable, (neuro)inclusive workplaces.