Inhibitors of PIM‐1 Signaling Pathways as Anticancer Agents: Pharmacological and Structural Viewpoints

Pim-1, a carcinogenic threonine and serine kinase, inhibits apoptosis and advances the cell cycle. It is overexpressed in several human cancers. The proviral integration site of Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 is Pim-1. Previous studies have shown that the Pim-1 30-UTR regulates the stability of Pim-1 mRNA. Threonine and serine are identified as the proto-oncogene Pim-1 kinase. Pim-1 mediates numerous biological processes, including apoptosis, cell division, proliferation, and cancer. Pim-1-mediated anticancer activity has been reported in several analogs of thiazole/bis-thiazole, tetrazine, thiophenes, quinoline, pyrazolopyrimidine, 3-cyanopyridine, thiazolidine-2,4-dione, thieno[2,3-b]pyridine, triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives. Additionally, flavonoids and amino alcohol compounds that constitute Pim-1-mediated cancer therapy have also been identified thus far. Many compounds with Pim-1-mediated cytotoxicity have been discovered up to this point, and scientists are currently concentrating on bringing novel compounds with anticancer potential to the market.