The Continuing Use of Corporal Punishment in Schools: A Review of Laws

Schools across the United States (U.S.) continue to administer corporal punishment (CP) as a punitive method to control student behaviors, despite the desire for schools to ensure student safety. School psychologists are ideally positioned to navigate the intersection between law and practice as consultants for districts and schools and providers of school-wide practices that support learning and mental and behavioral health services. This study provides information on the laws assisting school psychologists in their practice. The objectives are to: (a) provide an overview of CP prevalence, impact, and policy, (b) analyze the state/U.S. territory laws on CP in schools, and (c) provide recommendations for the field. Findings show a continuation of CP being a regional choice with a lack of emphasis on the use of alternatives. For many states/U.S. territories, an exception exists for the use of reasonable force in schools, such as when there is a danger to self or others. For states/U.S. territories that allow CP, some restrictions exist, such as its use with students with disabilities. Not all states/U.S. territories that use CP require reporting of its use to the state, including disaggregated data. School psychologists can use these findings to implement evidence-based practice that are aligned with legal, ethical, and professional practices and promote safe and supportive schools.Impact StatementThis study provides a comprehensive review of state/U.S. territories laws (i.e., statutes and regulations) on corporal punishment use in schools. Additionally, it highlights misunderstandings and lack of information for school psychologists and policy makers.