Evaluating the Role of Lower Extremity Elastic Bandage in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Abstract Background Lower extremity compression therapy has been proposed as an adjunct to mitigate diuretic resistance during acute decompensation of heart failure (ADHF). We evaluated the effect of lower leg compression with elastic bandages on diuretic efficiency in patients with diuretic-resistant ADHF. Methods Historical cohort study enrolling adult cardiac ICU admissions with ADHF who used elastic bandages (EB) at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota from 2007 to 2017. The diuretic efficiency before and after applying EB was the primary outcome. Results A total of 176 patients with heart failure who received elastic bandages were included. The in-hospital mortality rate, the median hospital length of stay, and 30-day hospital readmission were 9.7%, 11.4 days (IQR 7.1–19.0), and 11%, respectively. When EB was applied, the average daily loop diuretic dosage was decreased by a mean difference of 1.19 mg per 40 mg furosemide equivalent (95% CI: 0.22 to 2.2; p = 0.016). The average post-EB diuretic efficiency was 1,355 mL (IQR 1,119, 1,590) per 40-mg furosemide, which was significantly higher than before EB application, with a mean difference of 340 mL per 40-mg furosemide equivalent (95% CI: -554, -125; p = 0.002). A higher diuretic efficiency led to lower diuretic doses. Average daily urine output before and after EB application was not different (2,642 pre-EB vs. 2,792 post-EB mL/day; 95% CI: -455 to 154; p = 0.33). Conclusion EB use enhances diuretic efficacy during ADHF. Further studies are needed to determine the potential clinical benefits and risks of applying EB compression treatment in ADHF.