From indenture to identity: Religion, culture, and diaspora in Mauritius

Mauritius, a small island nation in the Indian Ocean, stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of diasporic religiosity and cultural diversity. The rich tapestry of religious beliefs, practices, and cultural traditions woven into the social fabric of Mauritius reflects the complex history of migration, colonization and intercultural exchange that has shaped the island’s identity. This paper examines the impact of indentured diasporic religious practices and cultural identity in Mauritius. It explores how religious traditions introduced by indentured labourers from India alongside contributions from African, Chinese and European migrants were transmitted, adapted, and preserved in a multicultural island society. Drawing on diaspora theories of lived religion, and postcolonial perspective, it analyzes the transmission and adaptation of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and indigenous beliefs among migrants, highlighting the role of religious institutions in fostering community cohesion. The study traces the establishment of indentured service in post-1838 Mauritius, driven by global demand for sugar, and explores how migrants from diverse Indian regions contributed to the island’s Creole identity. It discusses religious pluralism, facilitated by colonial policies, and the enduring influence of Indian culture on language, attire, cuisine and politics. The paper also addresses the significance of sites like Aapravasi Ghat, reflecting Mauritius’ history, and debates surrounding its renaming. Ultimately, it portrays Mauritius as a multicultural society shaped by immigration and religious diversity, with diasporic religiosity playing a pivotal role in shaping national identity.