Spatiotemporal roles of migrasomes in tissue regeneration and repair

Migrasomes are migration-dependent membrane-bound organelles that mediate intercellular communication via selective cargo delivery, exerting temporally sequential regulatory effects in various experimental models throughout tissue injury and repair. Encapsulating diverse bioactive components and anchored to the extracellular matrix, they establish localized signaling gradients and participate in cross-scale regulation from organelle quality control to tissue regeneration. Framed around the three sequential phases of tissue repair—inflammation, proliferation and differentiation, and tissue remodeling—this narrative review synthesizes current research with a clear hierarchical distinction between direct in vivo evidence, indirect mechanistic corroboration, and theoretical hypotheses. During the inflammatory phase, migrasomes bidirectionally modulate inflammatory homeostasis by regulating macrophage phagocytosis and clearing damaged mitochondria via mitocytosis. In the proliferation phase, they drive stem cell recruitment through the CXCL12/CXCR4 positive feedback loop, guide stem cell differentiation via lineage-specific effectors such as CYR61, and contribute to developmental neovascularization via VEGFA delivery, with potential implications for tissue repair. In the remodeling phase, they regulate collagen synthesis and ordered deposition in fibroblasts and support granulation tissue maturation. This review also objectively evaluates the translational potential of migrasomes and outlines core safety risks including systemic inflammation, pathological fibrosis, immunosuppression, and pro-coagulant effects. Key limitations such as insufficient causal evidence, lack of standardized preparation protocols, and inadequate long-term in vivo safety data are summarized, providing a reference for developing migrasome-targeted regenerative strategies.