A Frequency-Integrated Electromagnetic Vulnerability Index for Electronic Systems in Complex Electromagnetic Environments

This paper proposes a frequency-integrated electromagnetic vulnerability index (FI-EVI), which is a reference-weighted susceptibility-screening metric for shielded electronic enclosures rather than a direct measure of functional failure. The frequency-resolved vulnerability is defined as the internal-to-reference RMS field ratio, VE(f) = Eint,rms(f)/Eref,rms(f), and FI-EVI is its log-frequency average from 10 MHz to 18 GHz. All cases use a swept-frequency incident plane wave of 1 V/m RMS and, as a common normalization benchmark, the MIL-STD-461G RS103 aircraft-internal limit (20 V/m up to 1 GHz and 60 V/m above). The internal field is obtained from an aperture-dominant reduced-order transfer function with parameters fixed in advance. A worst-case spectrum is derived under a fixed incident power-density budget and a peak power spectral density cap αSflat; the amplification factor is bounded by α. For three UAV-scale apertures (15, 60, and 150 mm), FI-EVI is 0.0056, 0.0094, and 0.0159, and the amplification factor at α = 10 is 1.27, 1.58, and 2.23. For one similitude-scaled family of a controlled loaded enclosure simulated with openEMS, the band-limited reduced-order FI-EVI is 9.4–21.5% below the full-wave envelope and within −11.0% to +7.3% of the maximum among the prescribed probe locations and polarizations, although the enclosure resonances are not reproduced.

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Publication Details

Journal
Electronics
Published
2026-10-14
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15204717
Primary Topic
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

A Frequency-Integrated Electromagnetic Vulnerability Index for Electronic Systems in Complex Electromagnetic Environments

Huichang Lee, Sung-kon Kim
Electronics
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
article

A Frequency-Integrated Electromagnetic Vulnerability Index for Electronic Systems in Complex Electromagnetic Environments

Huichang Lee, Sung-kon Kim
article en

Abstract

This paper proposes a frequency-integrated electromagnetic vulnerability index (FI-EVI), which is a reference-weighted susceptibility-screening metric for shielded electronic enclosures rather than a direct measure of functional failure. The frequency-resolved vulnerability is defined as the internal-to-reference RMS field ratio, VE(f) = Eint,rms(f)/Eref,rms(f), and FI-EVI is its log-frequency average from 10 MHz to 18 GHz. All cases use a swept-frequency incident plane wave of 1 V/m RMS and, as a common normalization benchmark, the MIL-STD-461G RS103 aircraft-internal limit (20 V/m up to 1 GHz and 60 V/m above). The internal field is obtained from an aperture-dominant reduced-order transfer function with parameters fixed in advance. A worst-case spectrum is derived under a fixed incident power-density budget and a peak power spectral density cap αSflat; the amplification factor is bounded by α. For three UAV-scale apertures (15, 60, and 150 mm), FI-EVI is 0.0056, 0.0094, and 0.0159, and the amplification factor at α = 10 is 1.27, 1.58, and 2.23. For one similitude-scaled family of a controlled loaded enclosure simulated with openEMS, the band-limited reduced-order FI-EVI is 9.4–21.5% below the full-wave envelope and within −11.0% to +7.3% of the maximum among the prescribed probe locations and polarizations, although the enclosure resonances are not reproduced.

ElectronicsVol. 15(20)
Seoul National University of Science and Technology (KR), Korea National Defense University (KR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 24%
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
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