Development and Psychometric Validation of the Multidimensional Flourishing Scale for University Students

Existing flourishing measures often lack theoretical integration and cultural contextualization. This study developed and validated the Multidimensional Flourishing Scale (MFS) among Indonesian university students. A two-phase psychometric design was employed across two independent samples (Study 1: N = 587; Study 2: N = 619). Phase I included item development, expert validation, and Exploratory Factor Analysis, whereas Phase II examined validity evidence based on internal structure, reliability, and validity evidence based on relations to other variables using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The MFS uses an 11-point semantic differential format and consists of nine dimensions: Meaning, Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Accomplishment, Resilience, Contribution, Optimism, and Social Recognition. Results supported the nine-factor structure, explaining 74.86% of the variance, with excellent model fit (CFI = .94, RMSEA = .058) and strong reliability (ω = .95). Convergent validity was supported by positive correlations with flourishing and mental health measures, whereas discriminant validity was demonstrated through negative correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress.