Enduring Sednaya: The Psychological and Sociological Dynamics of Human Adaptation to Harsh Environments

Abstract This research examines how prisoners in Sednaya Prison adapted to extreme conditions and developed survival strategies under systematic torture. The study draws on semi-structured interviews with three former detainees to explore both involuntary adaptation and psychological conflict. The findings show that the prison environment, along with torture, served as an active tool of psychological and physical oppression. Participants described the same process from the moment they entered, moving from solitary confinement to shared cells, making torture and humiliation systematic and uniform. It additionally explores how participants developed coping mechanisms such as submission, problem-focused coping, and finding meaning in suffering. The research also highlights the hardship of adjustment upon release, as survivors face PTSD, depression, difficulties in rebuilding identity, and challenges in daily life due to poor physical and psychological health and limited support. At the same time, it identifies pathways to healing, including dialogue, mutual support, and meaningful work, which help survivors restore resilience, rebuild a sense of self, and the capacity to adapt to normal civilian spaces. Overall, the study reveals the dual nature of adaptation in Sednaya: resilience during imprisonment but lasting psychological struggle afterward. It emphasizes the urgent need for survivor support programs, access to medical care, and calls on policymakers to continue efforts for justice by ensuring accountability for perpetrators.