From mobile positioning data to municipality typology: cross-border mobility in the Czech-Bavarian borderland

This paper presents a municipality-level typology of cross-border mobility in the Czech borderland adjacent to Bavaria based on aggregated mobile positioning data from Vodafone Czech Republic. Using origin–destination matrices for workdays and weekends, the analysis combines four temporal slices from 2025–2026 and transforms them into relative indicators per 1,000 inhabitants. The workflow applies temporal averaging, relativization, and a classification procedure distinguishing weakly connected municipalities from workday- and weekend-connected types differentiated as balanced, outward, or inward. The resulting map shows that more than half of the municipalities are weakly connected, while the dominant non-weak classes are workday-connected balanced and workday-connected outward. Weekend-dominated patterns are rare and concentrated in tourism-oriented parts of the borderland. The typology demonstrates the analytical value of relative standardization: several smaller border municipalities emerge as highly exposed cross-border nodes, whereas larger towns are more prominent in absolute than in standardized terms.