Speech and language therapists’ perspectives on dysphagia screening, monitoring and biofeedback: a survey exploring the potential role of Ultrasound Evaluation of Swallowing (USES)

To examine current UK speech and language therapists’ (SLTs) practices in dysphagia screening, monitoring, and biofeedback, and to explore perspectives on the potential role of ultrasound-based approaches, including Ultrasound Evaluation of Swallowing, within these areas. A cross-sectional mixed-methods online survey was conducted with UK SLTs working with dysphagia (n = 41). Closed and open-ended questions explored current clinical practices and perspectives on ultrasound-based approaches in dysphagia care. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative responses using Framework Analysis. Findings demonstrated variability in practice across screening, monitoring, and biofeedback, including differences in conceptualisation, implementation, and access to resources. Approximately half of the participants dysphagia screening formed part of their clinical practice, most commonly using non-standardised tools. Monitoring was widely reported, with differing purposes and methods described. Fewer than half reported using biofeedback despite perceived benefits for patient understanding and engagement. Participants discussed potential applications for ultrasound-based approaches alongside challenges relating to interpretation and implementation. Dysphagia practice appears shaped by interacting conceptual, operational, and structural influences. Participants’ perspectives on ultrasound-based approaches primarily reflected perceived gaps and challenges within current services. These findings suggest that development and implementation of adjunctive approaches, including ultrasound, should take variability in dysphagia practice and service context into account.