Designing a contextual google site-based learning platform for environmental education in Ugandan teacher training: a design-based research study

Environmental Education (EE) is increasingly important for preparing teachers to address sustainability challenges, yet its delivery in Uganda’s Diploma in Education Primary (DEP) programme remains constrained by limited contact time and predominantly traditional teaching approaches. This Design-Based Research (DBR) study developed, implemented, and iteratively refined a Google Sites-based learning platform (EnviroEd Learning Hub) to enhance EE delivery for 52 in-service teacher trainees. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model and Social Constructivist Theory, data were collected through surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, and Google Analytics across multiple design cycles. Findings showed strong acceptance of the platform: 76% of participants preferred multimedia resources, 86% found the platform easy to navigate, and 88% agreed that multimedia enhanced their understanding of environmental concepts. Google Analytics recorded an average engagement time of 8 min 49 s, with the highest usage occurring during weekends. Overall platform satisfaction was high ( M = 4.38/5 ) , with participants reporting improved access to learning materials, increased engagement, and greater confidence in applying environmental education concepts. The study demonstrates that low-cost, contextually designed digital platforms can effectively enhance environmental education in resource-constrained teacher education settings.