Annual Reserve Scheduling for Multi–Area Large–Scale Power Systems Under Extreme Renewable Generation Scenarios

Annual reserve scheduling is a crucial approach to maintaining the supply–demand balance in modern power systems. Existing studies, however, often overlook the deliverability of cross-area reserves limited by inter-area tie-lines and the impacts of persistent extreme renewable generation scenarios. To address these gaps, this paper proposes an annual reserve scheduling model for power systems that embeds sequential extreme scenarios. Based on the Load Block Curve (LBC) framework, the proposed model incorporates not only maintenance and operational constraints but also cross-area reserve transmission limits, upon which the sequential extreme scenario constraints are nested. Comparative case studies on a multi-area test system demonstrate that the proposed model effectively accounts for the reserve transmission limits of inter-area tie-lines, preventing reserve shortages by allocating sufficient localized reserves. Furthermore, it significantly mitigates the risk of load shedding by reserving additional capacity during periods vulnerable to potential extreme scenarios.