Loop-subdivision isogeometric BEM for free-surface wave scattering by shell-like structures

This study develops a Loop-subdivision isogeometric boundary element method for wave scattering by shell structures in infinitely deep water. Within linear potential-flow theory, the time-harmonic wave field is described by a frequency-domain velocity potential. An infinite-depth free-surface Green function is used to reduce the exterior boundary-value problem to a boundary integral equation on the wetted surface, with the total potential decomposed into a prescribed regular-wave potential and a structure-induced scattered potential. Loop subdivision basis functions are adopted for both surface geometry and boundary-field approximation on unstructured triangular meshes, giving a geometry-consistent isogeometric discretization for shell configurations. Numerical examples involving a spherical shell, a hemisphere-capped cylinder, and a submarine model are used to assess the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method.