An integrated Scientometric and systematic review of sorghum biomass utilization in sustainable construction materials

Abstract The valorization of agricultural residues into sustainable construction materials can support circular bioeconomy development and reduce reliance on conventional resources. This study presents an integrated Scientometric and Systematic review of sorghum biomass utilization in sustainable construction materials. Literature was retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science, and Scientometric mapping was conducted using VOS viewer. A total of 519 records were identified, of which 334 unique records remained after duplicate removal. Following PRISMA 2020 screening, 41 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. The Scientometric analysis revealed increasing research activity and a shift toward industrial biomass valorization. Polymer composites, wood–plastic composites, and lignocellulosic boards represented the dominant construction-related research areas. The systematic review showed that sorghum stalk, stem, straw, bagasse, and husk can be incorporated into polymeric, wood-based, and mineral-based construction materials. Their performance was strongly influenced by biomass fraction, fiber loading, matrix compatibility, processing conditions, and surface treatment. Alkali, silane, enzyme, and organic-acid treatments generally improved interfacial bonding, mechanical performance, and moisture resistance. However, moisture sensitivity, feedstock variability, limited durability data, and inconsistent testing methods remain important barriers to wider application. Comprehensive life-cycle and techno-economic assessments are also limited. Future research should focus on standardized durability testing, long-term field validation, harmonized testing protocols, and integrated environmental and economic assessment. Overall, sorghum biomass shows promising potential as a renewable feedstock for sustainable and low-carbon construction materials.