Nanostructured Hybrid Matrix Device: An Engineered Approach for Localized Photodynamic Therapy in 9L/lacZ Cell Models

Abstract Gliosarcoma treatment remains a challenge due to its aggressiveness and high recurrence rates. This study describes the development and characterization of a novel hybrid drug delivery system (DDS) for localized photodynamic therapy (PDT). The system consists of a PVA/gelatin hydrogel encapsulated with hydroxyapatite microspheres (meHAp) loaded with chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc). SEM and FTIR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of meHAp into the porous 3D polymeric network. The addition of meHAp increased the matrix’s structural rigidity, adjusting the swelling degree and enabling a more controlled release of the photosensitizer (45% vs 94% in the control). Biological assays on 9L/lacZ gliosarcoma cells revealed high internalization and a 98% reduction in cell viability under PDT protocols. These results suggest that the meHAp-reinforced hydrogel system is a promising option for the localized treatment of brain tumors, providing a modified release of the photosensitizer.