Recursive Ontology, Causal Continuity, and the Redundancy of the Philosophical Zombie: A Systematic Challenge to David Chalmers's Conceivability Argument
This paper challenges David Chalmers's philosophical-zombie argument at its foundations. Its central claim is not merely that zombies are difficult to imagine, nor merely that conceivability fails to guarantee possibility. The deeper objection is that the zombie argument turns a distinction between descriptions into a purported separation within being, while leaving unexamined the causal-relational process through which the distinction is conceived, articulated, and granted modal force. Recursive ontology begins instead from causal continuity: a system's present state emerges through its relation to prior states and current inputs, expressed schematically as $S_{n}=f\left(S_{n-1}, W_{n}\right)$. Mind, body, cognition, memory, affect, and self-reflection are to be examined as roles and organizations within a continuing process, not as independently stacked ontological layers by default. The paper develops a set of connected objections. First, Chalmers's inference from conceivability to metaphysical possibility requires a bridge principle that cannot be supplied by the mere vividness or coherence of a description. Second, the physical/phenomenal distinction may be a distinction between modes of description rather than proof of two separable modes of existence. Third, the act of supposing a zombie world is itself a situated cognitive event within causal continuity; the theorist cannot exempt this act from the ontology under investigation. Fourth, the notion of "zombie philosophy" exposes the difference between identical public argument-forms and different alleged inner lives: an argument's formal validity does not establish the metaphysical possibility of its author's stipulated absence of experience. Fifth, the "philosophical God"—experience without a physical basis—provides a mirror construction that reveals the underdetermination of ontology by conceivability alone. Sixth, the transparent-sheet/topological metaphor diagnoses the zombie as a product of vertically stacking physical description and experiential description, while recursive ontology treats them as cross-sections of one causally continuous process. The paper also develops the author's Recursive Increment Principle, Stopping Condition Principle, Principle of Analytic Granularity, Principle of Conceptual Inclination, and principle of evidential consistency. It argues that recursive ontology is more useful as a research program because it redirects inquiry from an imagined metaphysical duplicate toward state history, reaction, recursive organization, difference, and evidence. It does not claim that the bare equation $S_n=f(S_{n-1},W_n)$ proves consciousness, nor that complexity automatically entails experience. Rather, it places the burden on any theory that proposes an additional ontological layer to show what that layer explains and how its separability is established. The conclusion is forceful but precise: Chalmers's zombie scenario does not, by conceivability alone, establish an ontological fracture. Unless the missing inferential steps are supplied, the zombie remains a conceptual construction mistakenly promoted into a metaphysical result.
Authors
- Gangbei Niu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3346-3867)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-10-13
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23339437
- Primary Topic
- Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Type
- preprint