Burden of depression attributable to intimate partner violence among females aged 15-34 years: global burden of disease study 1990-2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major risk factor for depression. Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, we assessed IPV-attributable depression burden among females aged 15-34 years across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. In 2021, the highest age-standardized DALY rates were observed in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, while Low SDI regions had the highest rate (48.85 per 100,000; 95% UI: 0.22-107.47). Globally, DALYs increased from 1.53 million in 1990 to 2.79 million in 2021, whereas the age-standardized DALY rate remained stable (EAPC = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.21 to 0.06). ARIMA and Holt's exponential smoothing models projected a continued increase in absolute DALYs among females through 2050. LMDI analysis identified population growth as the main contributor in Low SDI regions and epidemiological change as the main contributor in High SDI regions. Inequality analysis indicated widening socioeconomic disparities. These findings support targeted IPV prevention, resource allocation, and trauma-informed mental health services for females aged 15-34 years.