Urology Rotation Exit Assessment Outcomes Among Residents in Standardized Training: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

Objectives: To describe urology rotation exit-assessment outcomes and explore variation across resident subgroups. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included all 130 eligible residents who completed a urology rotation and exit assessment between May 2024 and April 2025. Pass rates were analyzed using exact tests, while theoretical and comprehensive rotation assessment scores were analyzed using non-parametric tests with Holm adjustment. National examination outcomes were summarized descriptively. Results: Overall, 124 residents passed the rotation exit assessment (95.38%). No statistically significant subgroup differences were detected in pass rates or locally scaled theoretical examination scores; however, the two examination formats were not formally equated. Comprehensive rotation assessment scores were higher among residents from the urology training base than among those from other training bases (median, 89.00 vs. 82.75; adjusted p < 0.001) and among postgraduate than undergraduate residency trainees (86.00 vs. 80.00; adjusted p < 0.001), and differed across trainee categories (adjusted p = 0.003). Licensing-examination pass rates were 100%, 100%, and 89.58% in the eligible 2021–2023 cohorts; completion-examination pass rates were 85.71% and 98.25% in the eligible 2021–2022 cohorts. Conclusions: Most residents met the local rotation exit-assessment standard. The subgroup differences were exploratory and should not be interpreted as evidence of causal effects or training-program effectiveness. These findings provide a descriptive baseline for local quality review and future prospective research.