Whitey in the Ghetto: Volunteers in Service to America and the War on Poverty, 1962–1972

“Whitey in the Ghetto” examines the often-overlooked role of Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) during the War on Poverty, focusing on the racial tensions and political backlash stemming from VISTA’s work in predominantly Black urban neighborhoods. The Black ghetto, both as a physical location and a concept, played a crucial role in VISTA’s evolution. More than any other communities targeted for assistance, urban ghettos became radicalizing environments for VISTA Volunteers. These Volunteers developed a deeper understanding of the consequences of residential segregation, urban decline, and economic inequality affecting low-income neighborhoods. Rejecting the government’s token liberal initiatives—often shaped by anti-Black racism and anti-urbanism—they turned toward grassroots social justice efforts. Alarmed by the growing political mobilization of Black communities, public officials accused Volunteers of inciting militancy and urban unrest. By branding Volunteers as “outside agitators,” officials sought to suppress cross-cultural activism and undermine VISTA’s impact as an anti-poverty program.