Optimized placement of zonal electric vehicle charging stations and distributed generators in radial distribution system considering the effect of network loss and voltage deviation

Abstract High penetration of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) and distributed generators (DGs) contributes to distribution system power losses. It is necessary to ensure minimum losses and enhanced voltage profile in distribution system with optimal placement of DGs and EVCS. In this article, EVCS with DGs from a distribution grid are located, scaled, and optimized using Hybrid Improved Beluga Whale–Particle Swarm Optimization (HIBWPSO) Technique and load flow analysis using a Newton Raphson (NR) methodology. It is shown that the objective problem is power optimization, which includes reducing losses in both real and reactive power. An IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system (IE33BRDS) is taken into consideration for EVCS optimization under the penetration of two types of distributed generators which are capable injecting real power only (Type-1 DG) and real and reactive power (Type-3 DG) in order to validate the suggested optimal objective solutions from the distribution grid. In first case EVCS with DGs capable of injecting real power only and in second case EVCS with DGs ability to infuse both real and reactive power are considered. The placement of EVCS in zone wise (5 zones) are considered along with Electric Vehicles Charging & Discharging Patterns. The performance of the IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system under different conditions are simulated and evaluated using Power System Analysis Tool Box (PSAT) and Hybrid Improved Beluga Whale–Particle Swarm Optimization (HIBWPSO) Technique.