Multiwavelength Timing Analysis of the Recurrent Nova T CrB

We present a short-timescale multiwavelength timing study of the symbiotic recurrent nova T Coronae Borealis (T CrB), based on Swift/X-Ray Telescope (XRT), Swift/UltraViolet Optical Telescope (UVOT), and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations obtained across the high state, the 2023–2024 optical/UV dip, and the subsequent recovery. We use high-cadence event-mode and TESS data to search specifically for sub-kilosecond variability and simultaneous UV–optical correlations. The UVM2 event-mode data show a candidate variability timescale near 445 s during MJD 59,954.1–60,276.9.The folded extrema correspond to a descriptive fractional modulation amplitude of about 9.9%. The feature remains at approximately the same timescale when 20 s, 10 s, and 5 s event-mode bins are used, while no corresponding 445 s peak is found in the spacecraft-pointing diagnostic, the background light curve, or a nearby comparison star. Nevertheless, we do not establish phase coherence across observations separated by days to weeks, and no UVW1 or UVW2 event-mode data are available for an equivalent high-cadence test; the feature is therefore treated as a tentative QPO-like timescale rather than a secure coherent period. No significant 445 s peak is present in the XRT or TESS Lomb–Scargle periodograms. Injection–recovery tests give a 90% coherent-sinusoid fractional semi-amplitude sensitivity of about 34.3% for the 0.3–10 keV XRT light curve and cadence-corrected limits of about 0.054%, 0.056%, 0.022%, and 0.012% for TESS Sectors 24, 25, 51, and 78, respectively. The only strictly contemporaneous UVM2–TESS Sector 78 overlap spans JD 2,460,442.1159722–2,460,442.1260764 (873 s); after excluding the final incomplete UVM2 bin, 840 s is used for the cross-correlation function (CCF). A phenomenological Gaussian fit to the CCF trough gives a dimensionless coefficient of −0.41±0.09 and a lag of 84±31 s (90% confidence; Δχ2=2.7). The sign of the anti-correlation persists after simple linear and quadratic detrending, although the inferred lag is sensitive to detrending and edge effects. We therefore regard both the 445 s feature and the UV–optical lag as tentative. The present data do not uniquely identify the emitting regions or establish a propagation mechanism. These results highlight T CrB as a valuable target for simultaneous high-cadence ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray monitoring before and during its next nova eruption.

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Journal
Universe
Published
2026-10-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/universe12100304
Primary Topic
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Type
article
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article

Multiwavelength Timing Analysis of the Recurrent Nova T CrB

Songpeng Pei, Xiaowan Zhang, Renzhi Su, XiaoQin Ren
Universe
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
article

Multiwavelength Timing Analysis of the Recurrent Nova T CrB

Songpeng Pei, Xiaowan Zhang, Renzhi Su, XiaoQin Ren
article en

Abstract

We present a short-timescale multiwavelength timing study of the symbiotic recurrent nova T Coronae Borealis (T CrB), based on Swift/X-Ray Telescope (XRT), Swift/UltraViolet Optical Telescope (UVOT), and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations obtained across the high state, the 2023–2024 optical/UV dip, and the subsequent recovery. We use high-cadence event-mode and TESS data to search specifically for sub-kilosecond variability and simultaneous UV–optical correlations. The UVM2 event-mode data show a candidate variability timescale near 445 s during MJD 59,954.1–60,276.9.The folded extrema correspond to a descriptive fractional modulation amplitude of about 9.9%. The feature remains at approximately the same timescale when 20 s, 10 s, and 5 s event-mode bins are used, while no corresponding 445 s peak is found in the spacecraft-pointing diagnostic, the background light curve, or a nearby comparison star. Nevertheless, we do not establish phase coherence across observations separated by days to weeks, and no UVW1 or UVW2 event-mode data are available for an equivalent high-cadence test; the feature is therefore treated as a tentative QPO-like timescale rather than a secure coherent period. No significant 445 s peak is present in the XRT or TESS Lomb–Scargle periodograms. Injection–recovery tests give a 90% coherent-sinusoid fractional semi-amplitude sensitivity of about 34.3% for the 0.3–10 keV XRT light curve and cadence-corrected limits of about 0.054%, 0.056%, 0.022%, and 0.012% for TESS Sectors 24, 25, 51, and 78, respectively. The only strictly contemporaneous UVM2–TESS Sector 78 overlap spans JD 2,460,442.1159722–2,460,442.1260764 (873 s); after excluding the final incomplete UVM2 bin, 840 s is used for the cross-correlation function (CCF). A phenomenological Gaussian fit to the CCF trough gives a dimensionless coefficient of −0.41±0.09 and a lag of 84±31 s (90% confidence; Δχ2=2.7). The sign of the anti-correlation persists after simple linear and quadratic detrending, although the inferred lag is sensitive to detrending and edge effects. We therefore regard both the 445 s feature and the UV–optical lag as tentative. The present data do not uniquely identify the emitting regions or establish a propagation mechanism. These results highlight T CrB as a valuable target for simultaneous high-cadence ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray monitoring before and during its next nova eruption.

UniverseVol. 12(10)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (CN), Liupanshui Normal University (CN), Qiannan Normal College For Nationalities (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 14%
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
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