Molecular Prevalence and Determinants of Adenovirus and Norovirus Among Diarrhoeic Children in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

Viral gastroenteritis remains a major public health concern and a leading cause of morbidity among children under five worldwide. Adenovirus (Adv) and Norovirus (Nv) are important etiological agents, yet data on their prevalence and determinants in North-central Nigeria are limited. A cross-sectional study involving 100 children under 5 years with acute diarrhoea was conducted at the Children’s Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State between February to December, 2024. Virus detection was performed using qPCR, while a semi-structured questionnaire collected sociodemographic and environmental data. Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Adenovirus prevalence was high (71%), while Norovirus GI and GII were detected in 4% and 12% of cases, respectively. Coinfection of Adv and Nv occurred in 13% of participants. Adenovirus infection was significantly associated with sociodemographic and sanitation factors whereas no significant predictors were identified for Norovirus. Multivariable analysis showed sanitation-related factors as the strongest predictors. Toilets located near water sources increased the risk of infection, whereas open defecation had lower odds than water closet use. Both infections were more prevalent during the wet season. These findings highlight key determinants of Adv and Nv infections in children under five, underscoring the need for targeted public health interventions among vulnerable populations.