Role of perceived control over falls in older adults

Falls among older adults constitute a significant public health challenge, often leading to severe physical injuries, reduced independence, and a diminished quality of life. Perceived control, a critical psychological construct, plays a significant role in sustaining physical health, cognitive function, and overall life satisfaction and is strongly associated with positive health outcomes. This review aims to examine the role of perceived control in fall risk among older adults. Concern about falling (CaF) is a prevalent psychological factor that influences fall risk by impacting behaviors linked to physical activity, balance, and adaptive responses. Perceived control theory provides a framework for understanding how older adults’ confidence in managing falls shapes their emotional responses and behavioral adaptations, thereby affecting fall-related outcomes and overall health. This review highlights the complex and multidimensional nature of perceived control related to falls. High levels of perceived control are positively correlated with better physical and mental health, whereas lower perceived control is associated with increased fall risk and compromised well-being. A thorough analysis of theoretical models and empirical studies highlights perceived control as a mediator that promotes adaptive behaviors, supports emotional resilience, and encourages proactive engagement in fall prevention strategies. By identifying gaps in the existing literature, this review calls for further research on factors influencing perceived control and the development of standardized assessment tools that address both the psychological and physical aspects of fall prevention. Such tools could enhance the independence and well-being of older adults.