Analysis of key factors in the prevention and treatment of dental caries in children: a cross-sectional study based on healthcare workers’ households

Abstract Objective This study investigated the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) among preschool children from healthcare workers’ families in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, and explored factors associated with ECC and parental perceptions of children’s oral health. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 329 preschool children aged 3–5 years. Dental caries was assessed by calibrated pediatric dentists according to World Health Organization criteria. Parents completed a questionnaire covering oral hygiene behaviors, dietary habits, dental visits, and oral health ratings. Associations were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression. Results ECC was identified in 233 children (70.8%). The prevalence increased with age, reaching 81.1% among 5-year-old children, with a mean dmft score of 4.27 ± 4.25. The mandibular second molars, maxillary central incisors, and mandibular first molars were the most frequently affected teeth. Multivariable logistic regression showed that age of 5 years (vs. 3 years; OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.19–4.73, p = 0.014), toothache history (OR = 3.86, 95% CI: 1.67-8.93, p = 0.002), and fair parental oral health ratings (vs. good ratings; OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.12–3.48, p = 0.019) were associated with ECC. Parental ratings showed a moderate negative correlation with dmft scores ( r = − 0.46, p < 0.001). Conclusion ECC remains prevalent even among healthcare professionals’ families, and discrepancies exist between parental perceptions and children’s objective oral health status. Strengthening parental oral health education and awareness is essential to reduce ECC prevalence.