Nonlinear dynamic response analysis of ACCWDs based on a deterministic numerical source-to-structure simulation

The source-to-structure simulation framework amalgamates earthquake rupture kinematics, seismic wave propagation through heterogeneous materials, site-specific geological conditions, and structural dynamic response, offering a physics-based methodology for producing realistic ground motions and evaluating the seismic performance of essential infrastructure. This research establishes a multiscale computational framework that integrates the spectral element technique (SEM) with the finite difference method (FDM) for thorough seismic analysis of earth dams. The SEM is used to do physics-based 3D simulations of seismic sources and wave propagation, producing site-specific ground movements that include intricate rupture kinematics and regional geological formations. Thereafter, the FDM is used to model the nonlinear dynamic response of the dam system, accounting for material nonlinearity and significant deformations. This comprehensive platform allows complete simulation from fault rupture to structural reaction. The approach is proven by its application to the Dashimen asphalt concrete core wall dam (ACCWD) in northern China, using six sample seismic scenarios. The results indicate that the domain reduction technique (DRM) successfully establishes one-way coupling between the regional-scale SEM and the structure-scale FDM models. The linked method effectively simulates seismic wave propagation in the foundation and properly delineates the deformation patterns and stress–strain progression in the dam, consequently serving as a reliable framework for the seismic safety assessment of ACCWDs.