Odd perfect numbers have at least two prime factors exceeding 10^6: statement and verification record

Statement of a computational theorem with its verification record. Theorem: every odd perfect number has at least two distinct prime factors exceeding 10^6; in particular its second largest prime factor exceeds 10^6. The previous bound on the second largest prime factor, 10^4, is due to Iannucci (Mathematics of Computation 68, 1999). The result uses the published bound 10^8 on the largest prime factor (Goto and Ohno, Mathematics of Computation 77, 2008) and does not depend on the author's separate 10^9 result. Method: assuming exactly one prime factor at or above 10^6, explicit bounds on the exponents of all primes below 10^6 leave finitely many candidate components sigma(q^(n-1)); a counting argument over the large prime factors of these components closes every case (case A by a supply-and-demand count over the special prime, case B by a capacity count over the roots of the components). The computation at 10^6 ended with the verdict that no odd perfect number has exactly one prime factor at or above 10^6; the same method reproduces the bounds 10^4 and 10^5 before being applied at 10^6. Verification: the case analysis was re-verified by four programs written separately from the search, sharing no code with it (case A; completeness of the component lists; the product components; case B), each confirming with zero problems on 8 and 9 October 2026. The deposited sheet records the SHA-256 fingerprints of the component file and the verification logs. The manuscript with the full argument is in preparation; this deposit establishes the date of the result.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23288364
Primary Topic
Analytic Number Theory Research
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
preprint

Odd perfect numbers have at least two prime factors exceeding 10^6: statement and verification record

Karan Singh Grewal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
preprint

Odd perfect numbers have at least two prime factors exceeding 10^6: statement and verification record

Karan Singh Grewal
preprint en

Abstract

Statement of a computational theorem with its verification record. Theorem: every odd perfect number has at least two distinct prime factors exceeding 10^6; in particular its second largest prime factor exceeds 10^6. The previous bound on the second largest prime factor, 10^4, is due to Iannucci (Mathematics of Computation 68, 1999). The result uses the published bound 10^8 on the largest prime factor (Goto and Ohno, Mathematics of Computation 77, 2008) and does not depend on the author's separate 10^9 result. Method: assuming exactly one prime factor at or above 10^6, explicit bounds on the exponents of all primes below 10^6 leave finitely many candidate components sigma(q^(n-1)); a counting argument over the large prime factors of these components closes every case (case A by a supply-and-demand count over the special prime, case B by a capacity count over the roots of the components). The computation at 10^6 ended with the verdict that no odd perfect number has exactly one prime factor at or above 10^6; the same method reproduces the bounds 10^4 and 10^5 before being applied at 10^6. Verification: the case analysis was re-verified by four programs written separately from the search, sharing no code with it (case A; completeness of the component lists; the product components; case B), each confirming with zero problems on 8 and 9 October 2026. The deposited sheet records the SHA-256 fingerprints of the component file and the verification logs. The manuscript with the full argument is in preparation; this deposit establishes the date of the result.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Odd perfect numbers have at least two prime factors exceeding 10^6: statement and verification record — Karan Singh Grewal · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS