Assessing Dysfunctional Parenting

Abstract: Dysfunctional parenting behaviors are central to the development and treatment of child and adolescent psychological disorders, making accurate assessment essential. The Parenting Scale is widely used, yet variability in reliability across contexts remains insufficiently examined. This reliability generalization (RG) meta-analysis synthesized 527 internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest reliability (Pearson’s r) coefficients for the 30-item (PS-30) and 13-item (PS-13) versions using random-effects models across 244 studies. Pooled estimates indicated acceptable to good internal consistency for Total, Laxness, and Overreactivity scores, but inadequate reliability for Verbosity (α = .55–.66) across both versions. PS-30 reliability was stable across demographics, populations, and study purpose, but varied by region, language, and ethnicity. Overreactivity reliability differed by caregiver marital status, child population, and data collection method. Test–retest reliability for the PS-30 was good ( r = .79). For the PS-13, although only percentage of male caregivers emerged as a significant moderator, high heterogeneity suggests unmeasured influences. Overall, the Total, Laxness, and Overreactivity are reliable for research use, although none met the .90 threshold for individual clinical decisions. The Verbosity subscale's inadequate reliability raises concerns about its contribution of measurement error to the Total Score; refinement and routine reporting of sample-specific reliability are strongly recommended.